آزمایشگاه تشخیص پزشکی نامدار

این نقشه‌های آموزشی را دکتر عیسی صالحی، موسس و مسئول فنی آزمایشگاه نامدار و دکترای تخصصی ایمونولوژی، تهیه کرده است. هر شاخه را با کلیک باز کنید؛ «توضیح» نکته‌های بیشتر را نشان می‌دهد.

محتوا بیشتر به انگلیسی و برای دانشجویان و همکاران آزمایشگاهی است و جای مشاوره‌ی پزشکی را نمی‌گیرد.

ویروس‌ها (۲۲۰ مورد)

  • Virology۵
    • General۴
      • Naked nucleic acid of dsDNA (except Pox and HBV) and positive sense ssRNA viruses are infectious and the others are not
      • All viruses are haploid except HIV which has 2 copies of genome
      • All enveloped viruses get their envelop from plasma membrane, the exception is Herpes virus which gets its envelop from nuclear membrane
      • Terminology۱۶
        • CPE۲
          • Inclusion bodies۱
            • Negri bodies by rabies virus
          • Morphological alterations
        • Susceptible cells
          • have the receptors for virus
        • Permissive cells
          • Have the ability to propagate the viruses
        • Syncytia
        • virion
        • Plaque assay
          • developed in 1952
        • PFU
        • Particle/pfu ratio
        • Multiplicity of the infection (MOI)
        • Ambisense RNA
        • Viroid
          • no protein coding
        • Virion
          • infectious particle
        • metastable
          • must protect the genome stable
          • Must come apart on infection unstable
        • virus like particles
          • this is useful for vaccine design
        • spike
          • is the protein responsible for adhesion
        • Arbovirus
      • Attachment
        • plant and fungi viruses don't need receptor to enter cells
        • animal viruses need receptor
        • CD4, CCR5 CXCR4 are receptors for HIV
        • some viruses can bind to different receptors
        • some different viruses can bind to same receptor
        • some one virus can bind to different receptors
        • CD155 binds to Poliovirus
      • structure۳
        • all naked viruses are icosahedral
        • Enveloped viruses can be both icosahedral or helical
        • Helical۴
          • all helical animal viruses are enveloped
          • Pox
          • TMV
          • Polio
          • Sandi virus
        • Icosahedral
        • complex
      • Rash causing viruses۶
        • Rubeola
          • first disease
        • Rubella
          • third disease
        • Parvovirus
          • fifth disease
        • Roseola
          • sixth disease
        • Varicella
        • Variola
    • Baltimore classification۷
      • dsDNA1۴
        • Papovaviridae۲
          • Papillomavirus
          • Polyomaviridae, simian vacuolating virus
        • Adenoviridae
        • Herpesviridae۱
          • HSV1 HSV2 CMV EBV VZV HHV 6 &8
        • Poxviridae۱
          • Small pox
      • ssDNA2۱
        • Parvoviridae۲
          • Parvovirus B19, canine parvovirus
          • Anelloviridae
      • dsRNA3۱
        • Reoviridae۱
          • Reovirus rotavirus
      • +ssRNA4۵
        • Caliciviridae
        • Picornaviridae
        • Flaviviridae
        • Togaviridae
        • Coronaviridae
      • -SSRNA5
      • +ssRNA----DNA6۱
        • Retroviridae۱
          • HIV HTLV1
      • Gapped dsDNA7۱
        • Hepadnaviridae۱
          • HBV
    • DNA Viruses۲
      • All are ds except Parvovirus
      • All are Icosahedral except Poxvirus, because Pox has its own replication machinery
      • all replicate in the nucleus except Pox
      • Parvo is the smallest one and pox is the largest one
      یادداشت کنار نقشه:All are Icosahedral except PoxvirusAll are ds except ParvovirusPardonAsPapaHeHasPox
      • Naked۲
        • ssDNA۱
          • Parvoviridae۳
            • smallest DNA virus
            • B19
              • P blood group is receptor
              • fifth disease
              • Slapped disease
              • rash disease
              • measles
              • mumps
              • rubella
              • chicken pox
              • B19
            • Adeno associated virus
            • Human bocavirus
        • dsDNA۲
          • Circular۲
            • Papilomaviridae۲
              • condyloma-cervical cancer
              • High risk۱
                • 14 hrHPV genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68)
              • Low risk۱
                • HPV 1, 2, 6, 11
            • Polyomaviridae۴
              • در انسان تومورزا نیست
              • JC virus
                • Junky cerebrum
                • progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
              • BK virus
                • Bad Kidney
              • MCV (Merkel cell polyoma virus)
              • SV40
          • Linear۱
            • Adenoviridae۱
              • فارنژیت لوزه سوم ایجاد می کند.
              • Febrile pharyngitis
              • Hemorrhagic cystitis
              • Pharyngoconjunctivitis
              • Human adenoviruses
      • Enveloped۲
        • Envelop always comes from host cell
        • Circular۱
          • Hepadna virus۱
            • Hepatitis B Virus
              • encodes for 7 proteins
              • it is not a retrovirus but it has reverse transcriptase
        • Linear۲
          • Herpesviridae۸
            • envelop comes from nuclear envelop
            • remains as latent virus.
            • HSV1(HHV1)
              • Tzanck test positive
              • orolabial warts
            • HSV2(HHV2)
              • Tzanck test positive
            • VZV(HHV3)
              • Tzanck test positive
              • در کودکان آبله مرغان و در بزرگسالان زونا ایجاد می کند
            • EBV(HHV4)
              • Related to Anti i antibody
              • The peak incident is between 15 to 20 years of age
              • Kissing disease
              • infectious mononucleosis
              • لنفوم بورکیت هم ایجاد می کند
            • CMV(HHV5)
            • HHV6
              • causes roseola infantum
            • HHV7×
              • clinically insignificant
            • Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirusf(HHV8)
              • associated with Kaposi sarcoma especially in HIV patients
          • Poxviridae⚑۳
            • complex structure not icosahedral, no symmetry
            • amorphus particle
            • The largest DNA virus
            • زیر میکروسکوپ نوری دیده می شوند و یک جهارم استاف است.
            • تکثیر ژنوم در سیتوپلاسم است.همه آنزیم مورد نیاز تکثیر خودشان را دارند.
            • Variola (smallpox) virus
            • Orf virus
            • Molluscum contagiosum virus
    • RNA Viruses۲
      • all RNA viruses must encode for their own RdRp
      • because no eukaryotic cell has it
      • All replicate in the cytoplasm except Influenza and Retroviruses

      Positive sense RNA viruses

      • Call
      • Hey
      • Papa
      • Flo
      • To
      • Come
      • Running
      • Negative sense RNA
      • PROFAB DM
      یادداشت کنار نقشه:CallPicoFloToComeRunningPROFABPEECCORNA
      • ssRNA1۲
        • +ve strand+۲
          • Naked۳
            • Caliciviridae+۱
              • Norwalk virus
                • Binds to lewis b antigen
            • Hepiviridae+۱
              • Hepatitis E
            • Picornaviridae+۱۲
              • PPEEEKCCORnAAT
              • Poliovirus
              • Parechovirus
              • Enterovirus۳
                • Ev-D68
                  • acute flaccid paralysis
                  • acute flaccid myelitis
                • EV71
                • EV17
                  • Hand, foot and mouth disease
              • Echovirus
                • echo: enteric cytopathic human orphan
              • Erbovirus
              • Cardiovirus
              • Kobuvirus
              • Coxsackie۱
                • A16
                  • Hand, foot and mouth disease
              • Rhinovirus
                • associated with common cold
                • There are more than 100 serotypes
              • Aphthovirus
              • Hepatovirus (A)
              • Teschovirus
          • Enveloped۴
            • Flaviviridae+۷
              • Dengue virus
              • Hepatitis C virus
              • Hepatitis G virus
              • Yellow fever virus
              • Zika virus
              • West nile virus
              • St. Louis encephalitis virus
            • Togaviridae+۴
              • Rubella virus
                • German measles or 3 day measles
                • rubella party
              • Eastern equine encephalitis
              • Western equine encephalitis
              • Alphavirus
            • Coronaviridae+۳
              • associated with common cold
              • SARS Cov
                • Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
              • nCoV2019
              • MERS
            • Retroviridae+۳
              • HIV۲
                • HIV 1۳
                  • Group M۱
                    • Main
                    • More common
                    • A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J
                  • Group N
                  • Group O
                    • outlier
                • HIV2۲
                  • Group A
                  • Group B
              • HTLV
              • Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV)
        • -ve strand۸
          • Paramyxoviridae−★۶
            • They have fusion proteins which makes syncytia
            • Mumps
              • Orchitis
              • Oophoritis
            • Measles (Rubeola)
              • Rubeola
              • 3 Cs of measles are
              • Cough
              • Coryza
              • Conjunctivitis
            • RSV (Orthopneumovirus)
            • Parainfluenza
              • They cause Croup in young children
            • sendai virus
            • Newcastle disease virus
          • Rhabdoviridae−★۲
            • رابدو یعنی استوانه
            • Rabies
              • Pasture developed rabies vaccine
              • we can diagnose by seeing Negri bodies
              • Long incubation period
              • 100 percent fatal
              • retrograde journey
              • خفاش های خون آشام مخزن اصلی هستند
            • vesicular stomatitis virus
          • Orthomyxoviridae−★۵
            • Genetic shift is the reassortment of the genome between two viruses
            • but genetic drift is simply mutation in one virus
            • Influenzavirus A۲
              • H1N1
              • H3N2
            • Influenzavirus B۲
              • Victoria lineage
              • Yamagata lineage
            • Influenzavirus C
            • Isavirus
              • Infectious salmon anemia
            • Thogotovirus
          • Filoviridae−★۱
            • Ebola Marburg
          • Arenaviridae−۲
            • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
            • Lassa virus
              • Lassa virus causes hemorrhagic fever
              • has ambisense RNA
          • Bunyaviridae−۴
            • Sandfly fever virus
            • California encephalitis virus
            • Hantavirus
            • Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV)
          • Delta virus−۱
            • HDV
          • Metapneumoviridae۱
            • Metapneumovirus
      • dsRNA۱
        • Reoviridae۳
          • 10 pieces of genome
          • Reovirus
          • Rotavirus
          • Colorado tick fever virus
    • Vaccines۳
      • Live attenuated۷
        • Live one night only,
        • See small yellow rotating chickens get vaccinated with Sabin and MMR, Its incredible.
        • No booster dose is needed . it is clear why!!!
        • Small pox
        • Yellow fever
        • Rota virus
        • chickenpox
        • sabin polio
        • MMR
          • only live attenuated vaccine which can be given to HIV patients without symptoms
        • Influenza Nasal
      • Killed۴
        • Salk= Killed
        • RIP Always
        • Rabies
        • Influenza injectable
        • Polio salk
        • HAV
      • Subunit۲
        • HBV
        • HPV 6, 11, 16, 18

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